Experimental Study on Effect of Addition of Different Salts on Distribution of Aniline between Water and Toluene
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2021.10.2.2947Keywords:
Aniline, Toluene, Extraction, Salting-Out EffectAbstract
The aim of this experimental work was to know the effect of addition of certain inorganic salts on removal of aniline from water by using toluene as the extracting solvent. The inorganic salts used were NaCl, KI, and MgCl2·6H2O. The influence of factors such as amount of salt, phase volume ratio, initial aniline concentration in feed-water solution, and temperature on the distribution of aniline was investigated. It was found that addition of 5% NaCl shows an appreciable salting-out effect on distribution of aniline. It was also found that the distribution of aniline was favoured at low aniline concentrations, and a phase volume ratio of toluene to water of little above 1.0. It is also found that the dissociation of salt added plays an important role in aniline extraction and the effect of cation and/or anion as predicted by the Hofmeister series may not be always followed in all cases. The distribution of aniline between water and toluene is found to be endothermic in nature.
References
C.-H. Li, "Recovery of Aniline from Wastewater by Nitrobenzene Extraction Enhanced with Salting-Out Effect," Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, vol. 23, pp. 208-212, 2010.
X. Wu, Z. Lei, Q. Li, J. Zhu, and B. Chen, "Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Low-Concentration Aniline from Aqueous Solutions with Salts," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 49, pp. 2581-2588, 2010.
J.-T. Chen and M.-C. Chen, "Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Quaternary Systems of Water + N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone + 1-Hexanol + NaCl, + KCl, or + KAc," J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 53, pp. 217-222, 2008.
H. Zhang and T. Wang, "Measurement and Correlation of Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data for Water +Acetic Acid + Methyl tert-Butyl Ether + NaCl," J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 54, pp. 945-949, 2009.
A. Salabat, "Liquid–liquid equilibria for the MTBE + water + salts systems at 298.15K," Fluid Phase Equilibria, vol. 257, pp. 1-5, 2007.
J. J. Malinowski and A. J. Daugulis, "Salt Effects in Extraction of Ethanol, 1–Butanol and Acetone from Aqueous Solutions," AICHE Journal, Sep. 1994.
V. M. Boddu, A. Krishnaiah, and D. S. Viswanath, "Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of the Benzene + Water + Acetic Acid Ternary System and Solubility of Benzene in Water: Effect of Calcium Chloride," J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 46, pp. 1172-1175, 2001.
M. Aznar et al., "Salt Effects on Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium in Water + Ethanol + Alcohol + Salt Systems," J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 45, pp. 1055-1059, 2000.
T. A. Al-Sahhaf and E. Kapetanovic, "Salt Effects of Lithium Chloride, Sodium Bromide, or Potassium Iodide on Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium in the System Water +1-Butanol," J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 42, pp. 74-77, 1997.
S. Sharma et al., "Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for Water + 2, 3-Butanediol + 3-Methyl-1-Butanol with Sodium Sulfate and Sodium Carbonate at 303.15 K," J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 41, pp. 306-309, 1997.
W.-S. Chen, W.-C. Chiang, and K.-M. Wei, "Recovery of nitrotoluenes from wastewater by solvent extraction enhanced with salting-out effect," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 147, pp. 197-204, 2007.
J. Saien and F. Ashrafi, "Mass Transfer Enhancement in Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Very Dilute Aqueous Salt Solutions," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 48, pp. 10008-10014, 2009.
B. Ghalami-Choobar et al., "Salt Effect on the Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of (Water + Propionic Acid + Cyclohexanol) System at T = (298.2, 303.2, and 308.2) K," Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 565-569, 2011.
V. Gomis et al., "Salt Effects in Extraction of Ethanol from Aqueous Solution: 2-Ethylhexanol + Sodium Chloride as the Solvent," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 37, pp. 599-603, 1998.
M. Govindarajan and P. Sabarathinam, "Effect of Some Inorganic Salts on the Ternary Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of the Water + 4-Methyl-2-pentanone + Propanoic or Butanoic Acid at 35 °C," J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 42, pp. 402-408, 1997.
J. Saien and M. Norouzi, "Salting-Out Effect of NaCl and KCl on the Liquid Liquid Equilibrium of Water + 2-Methylpropanoic Acid + (1-Methylethyl)-benzene System at Several Temperatures," Journal of Chemical Engineering Data, vol. 56, pp. 2892–2898, 2011.
Y. Y. Han et al., "Determination of Anilines and Toluidines in Water by Salt-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with GC-FID," Chromatographia, vol. 76, pp. 1747–1753, 2013.
S. D. Birajdar et al., "Repulsive effect of salt on solvent extraction of 2, 3-butanediol from aqueous fermentation Solution," J Chem Technol Biotechnol, vol. 90, pp. 1455-1462, 2015.
D. E. Turner, "An experiment to demonstrate the effect of pH on partition coefficient in liquid-liquid extraction," Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 71, no. 2, Feb. 1994.
N. Bourayou and A. H. Meniai, "Influence of salt on liquid phase equilibria for total miscible organic compound with water," Desalination, vol. 185, pp. 473-481, 2005.
F. Hofmeister, "ZurLehre, von der Wirkungdder Salze (About the science of the effect of salts)," Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol, vol. 24, pp. 247-260, 1888.
Y. Zhang and P. S. Cremer, "Interactions between macromolecules and ions: The Hofmeister series," Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., vol. 10, pp. 658-663, 2006.
E. Rösler, "The Hofmeister series: a review of monatomic ions near the hydrophobic/water interface," July 2013.
R. E. Treybal, Liquid Extraction, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1963.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 The Research Publication
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
